A Primer On Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes was once considered an adult disease, particularly common in those over 45. Recently, though, a surprising number of children are being diagnosed with the condition. Type 2 differs from juvenile onset diabetes (Type 1) in that it rarely requires insulin treatment. It can usually be handled with a proper diet and an exercise program, although oral medications may also be used.
Diabetes currently has no cure. When the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin to maintain blood sugar levels, or when the body cannot utilize it properly, diabetes can occur. Insulin is needed for the body to take glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream and store it in cells. If the glucose remains in the bloodstream, it can cause damage to major organs. In addition, the body is unable to utilize the glucose as a source of energy.
While diabetes may be totally asymptomatic, some people experience symptoms but do not connect them to a potential diabetic condition. Some symptoms that may signal diabetes are unintentional weight loss, despite increased hunger, and excessive thirst. The need to urinate often, to the point that sleep is disturbed, may be present. With higher blood sugar levels, vision may be affected, and there may be a tingling or numbness in the feet or hands.
Uncontrolled diabetes can result in neuropathy, particularly in the feet, as well as renal damage. It also increases the chance of osteoporosis, heart disease and stroke. Recent studies suggest it may also be a risk factor in Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia.
Certain traits are common among most patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Obesity and inactivity are the predominant factors. Weight reduction and and increased exercise can often prevent the condition, and is beneficial for its control. Exercise also helps circulation and lowers glucose levels.
Eating a balanced, healthy diet is an important part of the treatment plan. Consistency is important, and eating around the same times each day is recommended. Also, meals should include the same types of food in the same proportions.
Diabetic diets are relatively inexpensive. The best foods are actually such things as barley and beans. Oatmeal, tomatoes, and spinach are also good, as are citrus fruits. Non-fat milk is also an excellent choice and is normally more economical that whole milk. Sweets can be included as a special treat, but adjustments to the carbohydrates consumed during the rest of the meal are recommended.
A diabetic needs to have a good relationship with his or her doctor, and willing to listen to his advice. Making dietary adjustments and increasing exercise will usually be needed for effective blood sugar control. But if this is done, the risk of complications can usually be dramatically reduced.
